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CHAPTER 3: IMPLEMENTATION, MONITORING AND REVIEW
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3.1
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Introduction
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| 3.1.1 |
This Chapter sets out the how the Council will implement the
Plan, how the effectiveness of the Plan will be monitored and how the Plan
will be kept up-to-date. |
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3.2
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Implementation
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| Policy IMR1: Implementation (P1
- P14) |
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| The Council will exert influence
to achieve the objectives of the UDP in the following ways: |
- Through its statutory role as Local Planning Authority,
monitoring and reviewing the Plan, preparing Supplementary
Planning Guidance, determining planning applications and
seeking planning obligations;
- By promoting development opportunities and proactively
bringing sites forward e.g. through the use of action plans,
development briefs and compulsory purchase orders;
- By taking direct action under its own capital and revenue
spending programmes and by accessing external funding;
- By co-ordinating and enabling action largely undertaken
by others, through various forms of partnership, grants
and other types of assistance;
- Through advocacy and lobbying of Central Government and
other agencies for appropriate policies, resources and action.
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| 3.2.1 |
The UDP provides a statutory framework for the way in which
land is used and development takes place in the City. It has been prepared
on the basis of consultations with an extensive range of organisations and
individuals and reflects widely held aspirations for the future of Wolverhampton.
The main way that the Council can directly implement the objectives of the
Plan is through its role as Local Planning Authority, responsible for determining
planning applications and preparing Supplementary Planning Guidance, both
topic and area-based. |
| 3.2.2 |
However, what actually happens on the ground
is also the outcome of a multiplicity of day to day decisions by a large
number of public and voluntary sector agencies, private companies and individuals.
All of these have their own distinctive objectives and all are in various
ways constrained by the resources at their disposal. Therefore, if the policies
and proposals of the UDP are to be achieved, a close partnership must be
maintained between the Council and other bodies, with the Council providing
a co-ordinating and enabling role. |
| 3.2.3 |
The Council will continue to ensure that financial resources
are directed towards the achievement of UDP objectives. The UDP will be
an important consideration for the Council when it prepares its annual Capital
Programme. In particular, the Plan will provide the basis for determining
priorities for environmental and conservation programmes and the long-term
context for the Council's input to the West Midlands Local Transport Plan.
Other Council capital programmes of relevance are the Housing Capital Programme,
the Economic Development Programme and Parks and Recreation budgets. |
| 3.2.4 |
The Council will maximise use of external funding to meet
UDP objectives. Significant sources of external funding include New Deal
for Communities, European funding sources and grants from bodies such as
the Countryside Commission, English Nature and English Heritage. Advantage
West Midlands (the Regional Development Agency) will be an important partner
in the mobilisation of such resources. The Walsall, Wolverhampton and South
Staffordshire Regeneration Zone will provide a focus for regeneration funding
from a range of sources including AWM and Europe. |
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| 3.2.5 |
Public sector resources are likely to continue to be scarce
and so implementation will depend to a great extent on the private sector.
Much of the underlying philosophy of the UDP is to provide the right circumstances
to attract private sector investment of the right kind to the right places.
Scarce public sector resources will, where necessary, be targeted to encourage
further investment by the private sector. |
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| Policy IMR2: Planning Obligations
and Agreements (P1 - P14) |
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| In appropriate circumstances planning
obligations will be negotiated with developers to enable development
to proceed and / or secure the proper planning of the development
and of the area. |
| Developers
will also be encouraged to provide other planning benefits to
help secure economic, social or environmental improvements to
a development and / or to the area directly affected by the
development. (1) |
| In determining the nature and scale
of benefits regard will be had to the following: |
- Government Guidance;
- The Community Plan and other relevant Council Strategies;
- The Unitary Development Plan;
- The Local Transport Plan;
(2)
- Relevant local action plans, development briefs and other
Supplementary Planning Guidance;
- The views of the developer and occupier(s);
- The views of the community;
- The type and location of the development; and
- The economic viability of the scheme and any exceptional
costs associated with the development e.g. reclamation costs
or costs of conversion of an existing building.
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| 3.2.6 |
To assist in the implementation process, there are occasions
in the consideration of planning applications when there is a need to seek
agreements with developers for measures that cannot be achieved through
conditions attached to a planning permission. Section 106 of the Town and
Country Planning Act 1990 (as amended) enables local authorities to reach
agreements with developers, or for developers to give undertakings, for
such measures to be carried out in association with a development. Such
obligations can enhance the quality of development and enable proposals
to go ahead which might otherwise be refused planning permission. Government
guidance in Circular 1/97 Planning Obligations advises that any obligations
should be necessary and relevant in planning terms and also directly and
fairly related in scale and kind to the proposed development. |
| 3.2.7 |
Obligations may be required, for example, where a development
will generate need for improved or additional infrastructure, facilities
or services, or where measures are needed to offset the negative impact
of a development on the environment or local amenity. Table 3.1 lists examples
of planning obligations that may be sought. Reference to the use of planning
obligations in specific circumstances is made in other chapters of the Plan.
A development may be required to fund a number of related measures, which
may be located on-site or nearby. In some cases, a number of developers
may be asked to contribute jointly to an improved facility that will be
of benefit to all of them and the wider community. |
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| Table 3.1 Examples of Planning Obligations
Which May Be Sought |
| Type of Measure / Obligation |
Examples |
| 1. Transport / Physical Infrastructure |
Green Transport Plans |
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Public transport e.g. park and ride, bus service improvements |
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Cycle and pedestrian facilities |
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Highways e.g. improvements to road network and site access |
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Improvements to public parking |
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Commuted sums in lieu of parking
(3) |
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Access for people with disabilities e.g. shopmobility |
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Land reclamation |
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| 2. Measures To Offset Impacts On The Built And
Natural Environment / Local Amenity |
Physical measures to minimise harm to amenity e.g. traffic
management, landscaping, noise insulation |
| Replacement / alternative provision (on-site or nearby) of
recreation / environmental facilities e.g. recreational open
space, playing field, wildlife habitat |
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Replacement / alternative provision (on-site or nearby) of
social and economic facilities e.g. training scheme, community
centre |
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| 3. Provision Of Facilities / Services To Support
Development And Secure Proper Planning Of The Area |
Affordable housing and lifetime homes |
| Use controls e.g. removal of non-conforming use, ensuring
balance of uses in a mixed-use development |
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Recreational open space |
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Play space |
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Sports facilities |
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Community and cultural facilities |
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Education and health facilities |
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Retail facilities |
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Childcare facilities |
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| 4. Enhancing The Built And Natural Environment |
Archaeology e.g. retention / recording of important features |
| Restoration of Listed and Local List buildings |
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Nature conservation e.g. protection / enhancement of habitats |
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Public access within development |
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Public access to open space |
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Public art |
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Crime prevention measures e.g. CCTV,
secure parking spaces (4)
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| 5. Maintenance |
Commuted sums to cover maintenance costs for a limited period
e.g. open space, recreational facilities, public transport |
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| Policy IMR3: Compulsory Purchase
Orders (P1 - P14) |
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| In appropriate circumstances the
Council will use its Compulsory Purchase powers to enable development
to proceed and / or secure the proper planning of the development
and of the area. |
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| 3.2.8 |
Compulsory purchase powers are provided to allow authorities
to compulsorily purchase land to carry out a function which Parliament has
decided is in the public interest. Anyone who has land acquired is generally
entitled to compensation. The greatest users of compulsory purchase powers
are Local Authorities and the Highways Agency and the two most commonly
used powers of compulsory purchase are: |
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- A Compulsory Purchase Order (CPO), based on a specific Act of Parliament.
- An Order under the Transport and Works Act 1992.
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| 3.2.9 |
Wherever possible the Council will negotiate with landowners
to assemble key development sites. However, where negotiations are unsuccessful,
the Council will consider the use of CPO powers, to ensure that key development
opportunities are realised in the City and otherwise allow appropriate development
to proceed. |
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3.3
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Monitoring and Review
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| Policy IMR4: Monitoring and Review
(P1 - P14) |
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| The Council will monitor (i) land
use development taking place within Wolverhampton and (ii) the
effectiveness of the policies and proposals of the UDP. Regular
monitoring reports will be published and will inform the review
of policies and proposals in the UDP and preparation of Supplementary
Planning Guidance. Local people will be consulted on and actively
involved in the continuing monitoring and review of the UDP. |
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| 3.3.1 |
The Council is required by law to keep under review all matters
that are expected to affect the development of the City - in particular
(a) the principal physical and economic characteristics (b) the size, composition
and distribution of population, and (c) the communications, transport system
and traffic. Also of importance are the rate of house-building activity,
changes in floorspace of retail and business premises, the impact of development
in the Green Belt and any loss or creation of open space. Much of this information
is currently monitored on an annual basis to meet regional and national
requirements. There is also a specific requirement for the Council to monitor
the effectiveness of the policies and proposals of the UDP. |
| 3.3.2 |
The Council supports the Government's commitment to maintaining
relevant and up to date development plans and will ensure that the UDP is
kept up to date through a continuous process of monitoring and review which
actively involves local people and is co-ordinated with the monitoring and
review of the Community Plan. Both topic and area-based Supplementary Planning
Guidance will also be reviewed on a regular basis and new SPG prepared to
complement UDP policies and proposals. |
| 3.3.3 |
In line with Government Policy, Regional Planning Guidance,
the Community Plan and the requirements of Best Value, a comprehensive set
of key indicators and targets have been selected to enable performance to
be monitored over the UDP period. These are listed in Table 3.2. The Council
will regularly monitor these indicators and publish them in an Annual Monitoring
Report. These reports will also highlight any changes in the principal physical,
social and economic characteristics of the City and other relevant monitoring
information. Monitoring reports will be used to inform future reviews of
the UDP (or proposed Local Development Frameworks) and Supplementary Planning
Guidance. |
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| 3.3.4 |
With the advent of new planning legislation, Plan policies
and proposals will be reviewed more frequently. Instead of reviewing the
whole Plan every ten years, as happened in the past, an up-date will take
place at least once every three years. Some core elements of the Plan, such
as Part I policies and Green Belt boundaries, may not need to change, whereas
others, such as housing allocations, will need to be frequently reviewed.
It will also become possible to supplement the Plan with new, area-based
plans as and when necessary. |
| 3.3.5 |
This more flexible system will allow the Plan to reflect changes
in national, regional and local policy and changing local circumstances
and trends more quickly and effectively. The next review of the Plan will
need to take particular account of the requirements of new planning legislation
and the contents of the revised Regional Planning Guidance for the West
Midlands. |
| 3.3.6 |
The Council will also continue to work with other local authorities
throughout the region to monitor and keep under review the provision of
Regional Planning Guidance for the West Midlands. |
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| Table 3.2 UDP Monitoring Indicators and Targets |
| 1. |
Design |
| Indicator |
Key policies |
Monitoring |
Baseline |
Target (2011) |
| No. of new developments recognised for design quality and
excellence |
All Design Policies |
Civic Trust Awards & Wolverhampton City Council Environmental
Awards |
4 |
Maintain at a constant level |
| Proportion of public art schemes secured on qualifying developments |
D14 |
Planning application monitoring |
100% |
100% |
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| 2. |
Environmental Protection |
| Indicator |
Key policies |
Monitoring |
Baseline |
Target (2011) |
| Number of Air Quality Management Zones |
EP3 |
Council air quality monitoring systems |
0 |
0 |
| Area of new development permitted in floodplains contrary
to Environment Agency Advice |
EP7 |
Planning application monitoring |
0 |
0 |
| % of household waste recycled or composted |
EP13, EP14 |
Council Waste Management Strategy |
6% |
30% |
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| 3. |
Historic Environment |
| Indicator |
Key policies |
Monitoring |
Baseline |
Target (2011) |
| No. conservation areas with a character appraisal |
HE3 |
Conservation Team records / Published list |
8 |
All by 2011 |
| No. listed buildings on "at risk" register |
HE12 |
Buildings at risk survey (every 2 years) |
101 |
400 |
| No. entries on the Black Country Sites and Monuments Record |
HE25 |
Sites and Monuments Record |
1551 |
1600 |
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| 4. |
Nature Conservation |
| Indicator |
Key policies |
Monitoring |
Baseline |
Target (2011) |
| Hectares of Local Nature Reserve per 1,000 popn |
N4 |
LNR management plans |
0.2 ha |
0.5 ha |
| Hectares of land designated as SINC |
N3, N5 |
Habitat survey once every 5 years |
148 has |
Maintain at 148 has and increase every 5 years |
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| 5. Greenbelt and Rural Landscapes |
| Indicator |
Key policies |
Monitoring |
Baseline |
Target (2011) |
| No. of developments which compromise the open nature of the
green belt |
G1, G2 |
Planning application monitoring |
0 |
0 |
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| 6. |
Business and Industry |
| Indicator |
Key policies |
Monitoring |
Baseline |
Target (2011) |
| Amount of business and industrial development per annum (ha's) |
B1 |
Employment monitoring system |
8ha pa (1986-02) |
8ha pa |
| Providing a balanced portfolio of employment land as required
by RPG |
B2 |
Annual monitoring to Regional Employment Land Study (RELS) |
Achieved |
Achieved |
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| 7. |
Shopping and The Role of Centres |
| Indicator |
Key policies |
Monitoring |
Baseline |
Target (2011) |
| % of new retail, office and leisure floorspace completed within
or adjacent to defined centres. |
SH1, SH2, SH3 |
Development monitoring system (completions) |
42% retail within centres (1991 - 2001) |
50% |
| % of new retail, office and leisure floorspace given permission
within or adjacent to defined centres. |
SH1, SH2, SH3 |
Planning application monitoring |
Not known |
65 100%
(5) |
| Number of multiple retail outlets in Wolverhampton City Centre |
SH1, SH2, SH4 |
Development monitoring system (completions) |
72 (1995) |
Increase |
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| 8. |
Health Education and Community |
| Indicator |
Key policies |
Monitoring |
Baseline |
Target (2011) |
| Net change in land and buildings in community service use
(ha's) |
C1, C2, C3 |
Planning application monitoring |
Not known |
0 |
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| 9. |
Open Space. Sport and Recreation |
| Indicator |
Key policies |
Monitoring |
Baseline |
Target (2011) |
| Number of Neighbourhood Park Areas meeting current recreational
open space standard (ha's per 1,000 residents) |
R1, R2, R3, R7, R8, R9 |
Regular open space audits |
22 out of 38 |
Maintain at 22 and increase |
| Number of Neighbourhood Parks |
R2 |
Regular open space audits |
35 out of 38 |
38 out of 38 |
| Hectares of accessible playing fields and outdoor playing
space per 1,000 residents |
R2, R3, R5, R8 |
Regular open space audits |
0.6 ha |
Increaseto 0.8 ha and improve distribution |
| Hectares of Allotments per 1,000 residents |
R2, R3 |
Regular open space audits |
0.16 ha |
Maintain at 0.16 ha and improve distribution |
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| 10. |
Housing |
| Indicator |
Key policies |
Monitoring |
Baseline |
Target (2011) |
| Total new build completions per annum |
H2, H3, H4, H5 |
Housing monitoring system |
437(average 1991-2002) |
680 per annum |
| Total conversion completions per annum (net) |
H2, H3, H4, H7, H8, H10 |
Housing monitoring system |
33(average 1995-2002) |
60 per annum |
| Affordable housing completions |
H12, H13 |
Housing monitoring system |
187 per annum(average 1991-2002) |
180 per annum |
| Proportion of completions on previously-developed land / buildings |
H1, H3 |
Housing monitoring system |
87%(1996-2002) |
90-95% |
| Average net density of new housing developments (> 5 dwellings,
excluding conversions) |
H10 |
Housing monitoring system |
33 dwellings / hectare(1996-2001) |
Minimum 40 dwellings / hectare |
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| 11. |
Access and Mobility |
| Indicator |
Key policies |
Monitoring |
Baseline |
Target (2011) |
| % of developments meeting car park standards |
AM12 |
Planning application monitoring |
Not known |
100% |
| Publicly available long-stay car parking spaces in the City
and Town Centres |
CC5 |
Annual monitoring as part of Local Transport Plan |
100% |
Reduce by average of 3% per annum |
| Share of trips undertaken by public transport |
AM8 |
Annual monitoring as part of Local Transport Plan |
1998: to be determined |
Maintain at 1998 levels |
| Number of journeys made by bus per annum |
AM8 |
Annual monitoring as part of Local Transport Plan |
1998: to be determined |
Increase from 1998 baseline by 5% per annum |
| Proportion of West Midlands employees working for companies
with a travel plan |
AM7 |
Annual monitoring as part Regional Transport Plan |
1998: to be determined |
40% by 2006 |
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| REASONS FOR PROPOSED CHANGES |
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1.
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In response to objection 127/459 |
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2.
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In response to objection 134/494 |
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3.
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In response to objection 99/310 |
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4.
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In response to objection 20/39 |
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5.
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In response to objection 84/239 |
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