| Key Word |
Description |
| Accessible |
Location or facility which is easy to reach or use by all,
especially by people with disabilities or those without a car
and other groups targeted in the Council's Equal Opportunities
Policy. |
| Activity Rates |
A percentage figure expressing the number of people in a group
who are economically active as a proportion of the total number
of people in that group. |
| Affordable Housing |
Housing, for people unable to buy or rent housing at open
market prices, which is made available where there is clear
evidence of need. Planning conditions and legal agreements can
be used to restrict the occupancy of property to people failing
within categories of need. |
| Agriculture |
Defined by Section 336 (1) of the Town and Country Planning
Act as including horticulture, fruit growing, seed growing,
dairy farming, the breeding and keeping of livestock (including
any creature kept for the production of food, wool, skins or
furs, or for the purpose of its use in the farming of the land),
the use of land as grazing land, meadow land, osier land, market
gardens and nursery grounds, and the use of land for woodlands
where that use is ancillary to the farming of land for agricultural
purposes. |
| Agricultural Land Classification |
The method Of grading agricultural land devised by the Ministry
of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (now DEFRA) to indicate the
quality of farmland and the degree to Which its physical characteristics
(particularly climate, relief and 5011) Impose long term limitations
its use. The best and most versatile agricultural land S classified
Grades 1, 2 and 3a. |
| Amenity |
Pleasantness, quality of life (of an area). |
| Amenity Body |
Organisation whose interest is in the preservation of the
quality of the environment. Can be specialised such as the Victorian
Society. |
| Amenity Greenspace |
Open land which caters for the informal recreational needs
of the community, or which may simply be of visual amenity value. |
| Ancient Monument (Scheduled) (SAM) |
See Scheduled Ancient Monument |
| Ancient Woodland |
Areas of woodland which originated before 1600, and, in special
circumstances, semi-natural woods of Post-1600 but pre-1900
origin. |
| Areas Of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) |
Areas of countryside, not being in a national park, designated
to conserve and enhance natural beauty. |
| Backland Development |
The development of a site which has no extensive frontage
to a street or other highway and where access is restricted
by surrounding buildings and/or land uses. |
| Biodiversity |
The variety of life in all its forms, levels and combinations. |
| Biofuels |
Fuels derived from Solid, liquid or gaseous substances produced
from organic matter. |
| Biological Heritage Sites (BHS) |
Lancashire Countywide sites, identified for their wildlife
importance against guidelines prepared by the County Council,
English Nature and Lancashire Wildlife Trust. They are non-statutory
sites which make a very significant contribution to the biodiversity
of Lancashire. The network of BHSs include a full range of habitat
types of importance; support habitats or species which are threatened,
and reflect the geographical distribution of habitats and species
which require protection. |
| Brownfield Development |
Development taking place on sites previously developed but
subsequently cleared. |
| Bus Priority Routes |
A route which enables buses to provide fast, reliable services
to town centres. A variety of traffic management measures are
available to achieve this. |
| Business Uses |
Class B1 of the Town and County Planning (Use Classes) Order
1987 defines 'business' as use for all or any of the following:
(a) as an office other than a use with Class A2 Financial and
Professional Services; (b) for research and development of products
of processes; or (c) for any industrial process; being a use
which can be carried out in any residential area without detriment
to the amenity of that area by reason of noise, vibration, smell,
fumes, smoke, ash, dust or grit. |
| Business Park |
An agglomeration of at least three business premises. Typically
business parks are low density developments, with high quality
premises in a well landscaped setting. |
| Carrying Capacity Threshold |
The extent to which the environment can tolerate human activity
and development without unacceptable damage ensuing. |
| Central Lancashire Development Corporation |
Agency set up to oversee the development of the Central Lancashire
New Town. The Development Corporation was wound up at the end
of 1985. |
| Commission For The New Towns (CNT) |
Government agency with the remit to mange and dispose of the
land and property assets of the former New Town Development
Corporations. It is now part of English Partnerships. |
| Commitments |
Land which is the subject of an existing planning permission
and other projects and proposals which are so widely and authoritatively
accepted that the cost or other disadvantage of revoking the
'commitment' are such as to provide sufficient reason in themselves
for continuing the policy. |
| Community Transport |
Provides transport for people who, for various reasons, are
unable to use more conventional public transport services. They
are therefore designed to complement more conventional services.
A particular feature of Community Transport is the provision
of tailor-made services, often in adapted vehicles, for people
who have some form of mobility disadvantage. |
| Community Woodlands |
The planting of new woodlands on the fringes of towns. The
woodlands have recreational, nature conservation and amenity
value. |
| Commuted Sum Payment |
A payment required to meet the cost of providing a facility,
for example off-street parking or play space provision, where
the necessary level of provision cannot be directly provided
by the development. |
| Commuters |
Persons living at some distance from their workplace and travelling
daily or regularly to work. |
| Comparison Goods (Durable) |
'Comparison Goods' are goods such as clothes and electrical
equipment, for which the consumer generally expects to invest
time and effort into visiting a range of Shops before making
a choice. |
| Conservation Area |
An area designated by a local planning authority for preservation
and enhancement because of the special architectural or historic
interest of its buildings or their arrangement. Special provisions
apply within these areas governing new development. Conservation
Area Consent is needed to demolish buildings or to fell or lop
trees in these areas. Conservation Areas are declared under
S.69 of the Town and Country Planning (Listed Buildings and
Conservation Areas) Act 1990. |
| Constant Environmental Assets |
Not all environmental assets are of such Importance that their
loss would never be acceptable in any circumstance. For example,
certain categories of greenspace may not be significant in themselves
and may be replaceable. As long as it is possible to provide,
within a reasonable period of time, a replacement of a similar
quality, and accessibility, it could be acceptable to loose
this particular resource. It is the maintenance of a constant
amount and quality of environmental resources throughout the
City which is significant. |
| Contaminated Land |
Land containing Substances which when present in sufficient
quantity are likely to cause harm to manor the environment.
Contaminative uses are: (1) manufacturing of gas, coke or bitumous
material from coal; (2) manufacture or refining of lead or steel,
or an alloy of lead or steel; (3) manufacture of asbestos or
asbestos products; (4) manufacture, refining or recovery of
petrol or its derivatives, other than extraction from petroleum
bearing ground; (5) manufacture, refining or recovery of other
chemicals excluding minerals; (6) final deposit in or on land
of household, commercial or industrial waste, other than certain
types of inert waste or where the waste Is used as a fertiliser
or otherwise beneficially to condition the land; (7) treatment
at a fixed installation of household, commercial or industrial
waste by Chemical or thermal means; (8) use as a scrap metal
store. |
| Convenience Goods (Non-Durable) |
'Convenience Goods' are goods such as food, newspapers and
drinks which tend to be purchased regularly and for which convenience
of purchase Is therefore a prime consideration. |
| Country Park |
An area of land, or land and water, normally not less than
10 hectares in extent, designated under the Countryside Act
1968 and designed to offer to the public opportunities for recreational
pursuits in the countryside. |
| Countryside Management Areas |
Area based countryside management Schemes in urban fringe
locations in which Councils pursue and encourage relevant interests
to adopt a joint approach to the provision and management of
countryside facilities. |
| County Archaeological Officer |
The person operating the Lancashire Sites and monuments Record
and providing archaeological advice to the various local planning
authorities in Lancashire. Address: The County Archaeologist,
Lancashire County Council Planning Department, PO Box 160, East
Cliff County Offices, Preston, PR1 3EX. |
| Critical Environmental Capital |
Resources which could not be recreated in a lifetime and are
of such value that they must be passed on to future generations.
Examples include Red Scar SSSI or areas of land whose amenity
value to the local community makes them irreplaceable. |
| Curtilage |
The area of land enclosing and including a building. Most
often used in the context of a dwelling house. |
| Dedicated Bus Service |
A bus service whose purpose is to move passengers from one
point of origin to another destination; e.g., a park and ride
car park to the city centre. No passengers are picked up or
set down along the route. |
| Degraded Land |
Land not included with the definition of 'derelict land',
including: |
| |
land which may be regarded as derelict from natural causes; |
| |
land damaged by development, either past or current, which
is subject to enforceable planning conditions or other arrangements
providing for restoration; |
| |
land still in industrial or other recognised use even though
it is not subject to planning conditions or other arrangements
providing for restoration; |
| |
land damaged by development which has blended into the landscape
In the process of time; |
| |
'infill' sites awaiting development and urban sites cleared
With a view to redevelopment as part of a programme of urban
renewal; |
| |
land occupied by abandoned buildings awaiting demolition;
and, |
| |
neglected or unsightly land. |
| Density Of Development |
The amount of development per hectare of land. |
| Derelict Land |
Land so damaged by industrial or other development that It
is incapable Of beneficial use without treatment. |
| Designated Areas |
Areas statutorily designated on account of their special features
or qualities. These include National Parks, Areas of Outstanding
Natural Beauty, Green Belts, Sites of Special Scientific Interest
and historic and archaeological sites. |
| Development |
'Development' is defined in section 55 of the Town and County
Planning Act 1990 as the 'carrying out of building, engineering,
mining or other operations in, on, over or under land, or the
making of any material change in the use of any buildings or
other land'. |
| Development Plan |
Made up of statutory approved or adopted Structure and local
Plans, which indicate the manner in which local Planning Authorities
propose that the land in their area Should be used in respect
of development. |
| Disability |
A term used to cover a wide range of different functional
limitations, which maybe physical, intellectual or sensory in
nature or be linked to a medical condition or mental illness
but it is also used to refer to the complete or partial loss,
by the person affected, of their ability to participate in the
life of the community on equal terms with the rest of the population. |
| Distributor Roads |
Distributor Roads distribute traffic within towns and to rural
settlements. They are intended to cater for movements from locality
to locality and to link these areas to the primary and other
main routes. They will generally be of a lower standard than
primary and other main routes, but will often have limitations
on access, parking, crossing and turning movements. |
| Dual Use |
The use of a building or facility by the general public as
well as by the people for whom the building or facility was
primarily designed (i.e. the use of educational facilities by
the general public). |
| Dwelling |
Self-contained living space, such as a house, bungalow or
flat. |
| English Heritage |
The popular title of the Historic Buildings and Monuments
Commission for England: a national body established in 1984
to secure the preservation of Scheduled Ancient Monuments and
historic buildings situated in England; to promote the preservation
and enhancement of the character and appearance of Conservation
Areas in England; and to promote the public's enjoyment and
advance their knowledge, of Ancient Monuments and Historic Buildings
in England and their preservation. |
| English Nature |
A national body established to advise on nature conservation,
to establish, maintain and manage nature reserves and to identify
and designate Sites of Special Scientific Interest. (Once known
as the Nature Conservancy Council for England.) |
| English Partnerships |
A national regeneration agency charged with promoting sustainable
growth by the development of strategic sites; providing specialist
advice on brownfield land; ensuring that surplus Government
land is used to promote wider objectives; helping to create
communities; and support the urban renaissance. |
| English Tourist Board |
A national body established to advise and support the development
of tourism initiatives and projects in England. |
| Environmental Appraisal |
A term used for the evaluation of the environmental implications
of development proposals. |
| Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) |
Process by which information about the likely environmental
effects of certain projects is collected, assessed and taken
into account by the local planning authority in deciding whether
planning permission should be granted. |
| Environmental Impact Matrix |
A matrix setting out environmental criteria across the top
axis and policies down the side axis, for the purpose of assessing
the environmental impact of policies. |
| Environmental Stock |
Those elements of the environment which can be identified
and measured. |
| Examination In Public (EIP) |
Formal procedure to discuss the policies of a Draft Structure
Plan prior to its adoption, as a legal document. An opportunity
to Challenge assumptions and Policies of the draft deposit plan. |
| Fossil Fuels |
Fuels derived from ancient organic remains. Fossil fuels result
from the incomplete decomposition of organic material. Since
the rate at which these fuels are consumed exceeds that of their
formation, they are considered to be non-renewable resources.
They also represent long term storage of carbon removed from
the atmosphere whose oxidation Is completed by combustion, which
returns it to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. |
| General Permitted Development Order (GPDO) |
The Town and Country Planning (General Permitted Development)
Order 1995 sets out those categories of development which may
be carried out without the need to apply for planning permission
(called "permitted development"). The local authority can make
legal direction requiring planning permission to be obtained
for particular types of development which would otherwise normally
be allowed by virtue of the Order. |
| General Industrial |
Industrial uses not failing within the definition of light
industry, and which would be unacceptable within a residential
area. |
| Global Warming |
The warming of the lower atmosphere through the build up of
insulatory greenhouse gases. |
| Green Belt |
Areas of open land largely rural In character, and adjacent
to urban areas, where strict and permanent planning controls
apply in order to; check the unrestricted sprawl of large built
-up areas; safeguard the surrounding countryside from further
encroachment; prevent neighbouring towns from merging into one
and another; preserve the special character of historic towns;
and, assist in urban regeneration. |
| Greenfield Development |
Development taking place on previously undeveloped sites and
most often comprising land which was last used for agriculture.
Greenfield development is normally located outside the existing
built up extent of a settlement. |
| Greenhouse Cases |
Water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and ozone. |
| Gross Area |
Measurement of an area Without any deductions. For example,
land including that required for landscaping or roads. |
| Guided Public Transport |
A public transport system which runs on its own track for
all or part of its route. Trams and light rapid transit vehicles
are guided by rail tracks and may mix with other traffic on
ail or part of their routes. Guided buses run between raised
kerbs on an exclusive segregated bus lane although they may
also mix with other traffic for part of their journey. |
| Hard Uses |
Land uses which involve built development. |
| Hectare |
Measure of surface area of land equivalent to 2.47101 acres
or 10,000 square metres. |
| Heritage |
A general term used to refer to those historical and archaeological
features, buildings, monuments, etc., which are of particular
interest. |
| Housing Strategy |
A document prepared annually by the Council to support its
application for government borrowing approval under the Housing
investment Programme. |
| Implementation |
Actions to achieve aims or carry out policies. |
| Infrastructure |
The distribution network of services necessary for site development
such as roads, sewers, gas and water mains etc; and in the wider
area, the provision of services such as schools, Shops and public
transport. |
| Known Archaeological Site |
Site identified on or by the Lancashire Sites and Site Monument’s
Record. |
| Landmark Building |
Building which because of its appearance or cultural significance
is well known locally. Such buildings are often used as points
of reference. |
| Landscape |
Term to describe scenery of wide area of land. Taken to include
the topography, botany, geology, field patterns and historical
development of an area. |
| Light Industry |
Any industrial process which could be carried out in a residential
area by reason of noise, vibration, smell, fumes, smoke, soot,
ash, dust or grit as defined in the Use Classes Order 1987. |
| Listed Building |
Any building placed on the statutory list of Buildings of
Architectural or Historic Interest. This is compiled by the
Secretary of State for National Heritage Under Section 1 of
the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation) Act 1990. Listed
Building Consent must be obtained from the Council before they
can be altered, demolished or extended. |
| Local Centre |
Local shopping centres incorporate a number of retail units
and provide a range of food and other day to day convenience
goods. They are recognised as the main local facility for this
type of retailing. They are within walking distance for many
local residents. |
| Local Nature Reserve (LNR) |
Nature reserve declared by a local authority in consultation
with English Nature where a site has important local nature
value. The local authority must have a legal interest in the
land. Designation permits good management practice. |
| Local Roads |
Local roads provide access to adjoining land or development.
They may also link small rural communities. Their width and
alignment will in general discourage extraneous traffic. |
| Long Stay and Contract Car Parking |
Car parking facilities which are available for all day occupation
at a charge, either a daily rate or contract/season ticket,
which Is attractive to workers and long-stay visitors. |
| Local Transport Plan (LTP) |
A five year programme for spending on transportation submitted
to the Department for Transport (bidding for funding) by the
County Council with an annual progress report. |
| Mode |
Type of; used typically in relation to transport. |
| National Guidance |
Policy advice issued by Central Government or its agencies
which is usually applicable to the whole country. |
| National Nature Reserve (NNR) |
Reserves declared and managed by English Nature under the
National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949. |
| National Playing Fields Association (NPFA) |
A voluntary body with a particular interest in the provision
of playing fields and other outdoor recreational facilities.
Responsible for the development of the commonly used "6 acre"
standard for the provision of playing fields. |
| National Road Programme |
This contains the secretary of state for Transport's proposals
to improve the motorway and trunk road network. |
| Net Area |
Measurement of a total area after deductions have been made. |
| Non-Conforming Use |
A use which is different from other neighbouring uses and
usually injurious to the amenity of the surrounding environment
or local residents. |
| Non-Renewable Biofuels |
See 'Fossil Fuels'. |
| Office |
A use that falls within use Class A2 of the 1987 Use Classes
Order. That is the use of land or premises for the provision
of financial services, or professional services (other than
health or medical services), or any other service (including
use as a betting office) which it is appropriate to provide
in a shopping area, where the services are provided principally
to visiting members of the Public. Also includes those office
related uses (which are not included in Class A2) but are included
in Class B1 of the Use Classes Order. |
| Other Main Routes |
Other Main Routes are good quality roads which act as links
between, and into, the main towns and between those towns and
the Primary routes. Traffic on these roads will take precedence
over that on Distributor Roads and Local Roads which join them.
There will generally be limitations on access, parking, crossing
and turning movements. |
| Outline Planning Permission |
Planning permission which has been granted in principle subject
to further detailed control at the subsequent Reserved Matters
stage. |
| Out-Of-Centre |
A location that is clearly separate from a town centre or
local centre but not necessarily outside the urban area. |
| Out-Of- Town |
An out-of-centre development on a greenfield site, or on land
not clearly within the current urban boundary. |
| Park and Ride Facility |
A facility for the exchange of transport mode from a car or
motorcycle to public transport, such as a bus or train, including
parking provision for the original mode. |
| Pedestrianisation |
The exclusion of traffic from streets so that the whole width
of the street can be used by pedestrians. Exceptions are often
made for service and emergency vehicles requiring access to
premises, and sometimes buses. |
| People with Reduced Mobility |
People who have reduced mobility not only through permanent
or temporary disability, age, and illness but also for other
reasons e.g. parents with prams or pushchairs. |
| Permitted Development |
See General Permitted Development Order. |
| Planning Agreement |
A legal agreement made under Section 106 of the 1990 Planning
Act which allows the local planning authority to restrict or
regulate development of land or use in a manner beyond the scope
of conditions attached to a planning consent. |
| Planning Condition |
A restriction placed on a planning permission without which
the application would have been refused. |
| Planning Policy Guidance Note (PPG) |
Written advice issued by the Secretary of State for the Environment
which sets out the Government's policies on different aspects
of planning. They are to be taken into account in the preparation
of development plans and when considering individual planning
applications and appeals. |
| Primary Routes |
Primary Routes are high quality roads linking major centres
of population and providing for regional movement. They compromise
motorways, trunk roads and the more important Class ‘A’ roads.
Non-motorway Primary Routes are part of the national 'Primary
Route Network', which drivers identify from distinctive green-backed
signs. There will in general be severe limitations on access,
parking, crossing and turning movements. |
| Principal Retail Core |
Area of the city centre where retail activity as opposed to
business, service and leisure uses, are the predominant ground
floor land use. |
| Private Non-Residential Parking (PNR) |
Parking spaces which are owned by private businesses for the
exclusive use of their employees and business visitors. |
| Private Oven Space |
Area of land associated with individual dwellings; includes
gardens and yards. |
| Proposals Map |
Statutory part of a local Plan Showing in map form, where
Plan policies apply. |
| Public Car Park |
Parking available off the highway to the general public (rather
than restricted to persons visiting a particular site or premises). |
| Reasoned Justification |
That part of the written Statement of a Local Plan which explains
the reasoning for the inclusion of a particular policy or proposal
within the plan. |
| Reclaimed Land |
Derelict land which has been treated so as to make it capable
or beneficial or acceptable use. |
| Recreational Greenspace |
Outdoor playing space. |
| Redundant Church |
Church no longer required for worship by the ecclesiastical
authorities and declared redundant by the Church Commissioners. |
| Regionally Important Geological Sites (RIGS) |
Are non-statutory sites designated across the County intended
to preserve a representative sample of geological features found
within the County as a cultural and educational resource. |
| Renewable Energy |
The term used to cover those energy flows that occur naturally
and repeatedly in the environment - energy from the sun, the
wind and the oceans, and the fall of water. Plant material is
an important source of renewable energy. Combustible or digestible
industrial, agricultural and domestic waste materials are also
normally regarded as renewable sources of energy. |
| Renewable Resource |
Natural resource which can be replaced in a comparatively
Short period of time, without the permanent removal of any finite
resource from the earth, for example fast growing vegetation. |
| Residential Caravan |
Caravans used as a permanent form of accommodation and not
for holiday purposes. |
| Retailing |
The sale of goods In a shop (or other premises) to members
of the public. |
| Retail Park |
An agglomeration of at least three warehouses. |
| Retail Warehouse |
Large single-level stores specialising in the sale of major
household goods (such as carpets, furniture and electrical goods)
and bulky DIY items, catering mainly for car-borne customers
and often in out-of-centre locations. |
| Scheduled Ancient Monument (SAM) |
Ancient structures, normally unoccupied, above or below ground,
which are preserved for their historical importance by the order
of the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport. It is
an offence to carry out any works to a Scheduled Ancient Monument
without the consent of the Secretary of State. |
| Section 106 Agreement |
See Planning Agreement. |
| Shopmobility |
A service designed to meet the access and mobility needs of
disabled or older visitors, whether travelling by Public transport
or by car. In the case of the latter, a convenient parking area
for disabled driver's or passengers is normally allocated in
a car park. Wheelchairs, powered chairs and scooters are available,
and volunteers can usually be pre-booked, or may be on hand,
to provide help and assistance. |
| Short-Stay Car Parking |
Car parking which is managed in a way which prevents or deters
all-day parking, for example by city centre workers, and aims
to cater for shoppers and other short-term visitors. |
| Site of High Archaeological Potential |
Site where the County Archaeologist has good reason to suspect
that significant archaeological deposits exist. |
| Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) |
A nationally important area of land considered by English
Nature to be of scientific interest by reason of its fauna,
flora, geological or physiological features. |
| Soft Uses |
land uses that involve no or very little built development
and usually involve some sort of landscaping and/or planting. |
| Storage and Distribution |
Use for storage or as a distribution centre as defined in
the Use Classes Order 1987. |
| Structure Plan |
Strategic planning guidance produced for Lancashire (all 14
districts) by the County Council. It forms part of the Development
Plan. |
| Sui Generls |
Most types of land use fall within a category of the Town
and Country Planning (Use Class) Order 1987, for example light
industry is known as B1, or housing as C3, but there are some
types of uses which are outside any use class. These are known
as "sui generis" or in a class of their own. This means that
these uses do not enjoy any automatic right to change from one
use to another without requiring planning permission. Examples
of such uses include car showrooms and theatres. |
| Supermarkets |
Single level, self-service stores selling mainly food, with
a trading floorspace less than 2500 square metres, often with
car parking. |
| Superstores |
Single-level, self-service stores selling mainly food, or
food and non-food goods, usually with more than 2500 square
metres gross trading floorspace with supporting car parking. |
| Supplementary Planning Guidance (SPG) |
Additional material such as design guides and planning briefs
which set out the planning requirements or advice at a greater
level of detail than appropriate for inclusion in the local
Plan. |
| Sustainable Development |
Development which meets the needs of the present without compromising
the ability of future generations to meet their needs. |
| Tied Dwelling |
Dwelling whose planning permission has a condition restricting
who can live in it. This most commonly relates to agricultural
workers and their families. |
| Topography |
Local geography, features of a district or the knowledge or
description of them. |
| Tourism |
The temporary short-term movement of people to destinations
outside the places where they normally live and work and the
activities during their stay at these destinations. |
| Town Cramming |
The building of new development in existing urban areas leading
to an appreciable loss of amenity. For example, the loss of
open space. |
| Townscape |
General term to describe the urban visual scene. Made up of
public and private open space, urban form, topography, vistas,
buildings, and sky lines. |
| Traffic Management |
Measures aimed at making more efficient use of existing roads
by controlling the volume and speed of traffic. Such measures
tackle a number of problems, including road safety and public
transport penetration. |
| Tree Preservation Order (TPO) |
An order usually made by the City Council to protect specific
trees and groups of trees, and with them the amenities of a
place, by ensuring that no felling, lopping, topping, or pruning
takes place without their permission. |
| Unstable Land |
Land Subject to ground movements due to human activities and/or
natural processes, which may cause damage to buildings and structures
or may threaten life and health. |
| Urban Design |
The discipline of the relationship between buildings and spaces
and the make UP of the urban fabric. |
| Urban Regeneration |
The reversal of economic and environmental decline in urban
areas through projects such as the construction or rehabilitation
of housing, reclamation of derelict land, rehabilitation and
re-use of redundant industrial buildings and environmental improvements
to improve an area's image. |
| Use Classes Order (UCO) |
Part of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990. Legal basis
for defining different types of uses, such as shops (A1) or
general industrial (B2). The General Development Order, see
above, allows changes of use from certain classes to other's
without requiring specific planning permission from the Council. |
| Utilities |
Companies responsible for the supply of electricity, gas,
water, sewerage and telecommunications. |
| Vacant Land |
Land which does not have a derelict or degraded appearance
but which, nevertheless, does not have any current economic
use or recognised amenity value. |
| Vista |
View, especially through a long narrow avenue of trees, buildings
etc. |
| Vitality and Viability |
Terms used to describe the health of a city, or local centre.
Normally, applied In relation to retailing. Vitality refers
to the amount and quality of activity which takes place both
in respect of the retail, cultural and community activities.
Viability refers to its ability to adapt and survive in the
long term. |
| Waste Developments |
The disposal of mineral waste; the disposal or treatment of
refuse or waste material by landfilling or other methods; the
erection of buildings, engineering or other operations or the
use of land for the handling, treatment or disposal of waste;
plants and facilities for waste water treatment and disposal. |
| Wildlife |
Wild animals and plants. |
| Wildlife Corridors |
Wildlife corridors in Preston principally follow stream valleys
and typically link areas of greenspace to the surrounding countryside,
increasing the numbers and types of animal and plant species.
Once broken such links may be impossible to recreate. Although
non-statutory sites they are very important in the local context,
Increasing the numbers and types of species. Lancashire Wildlife
Trust's 1991192 Preston Urban Wildlife Survey identified the
importance of such sites: % greater variety of species will
only be encouraged by Increasing the number of wildlife sites
within the urban area and by improving site quality and the
degree of linkage. The development of an effective wildlife
corridor network in Preston is crucial in this respect. (Volume
1, Preston Urban Wildlife Survey, 1991/92). |
| Windfall Site |
A site not specifically allocated for development in a local
plan, but which becomes available for development during the
plan period and is granted planning permission. |
