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POLLUTION CONTROL |
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| 95. |
An important aspect of sustainable development
is maintaining a healthy environment through the control of pollution.
Developments which either pollute already, or have the potential to
do so, can be identified at the planning stage and decisions made
in order to prevent conflict with other land users and damage to the
environment. PPS23, Planning and Pollution Control, refers to the
need for local authorities to take account of polluting uses without
duplicating the controls which are the statutory responsibility of
other bodies, including the local authority in its non-planning functions.
In most cases liaison with the Environment Agency (who publish their
own Pollution Prevention Guidelines) as well as other Sections within
the Council, will be required in order to assess the likely level
of impact of a proposal and whether there are any measures which could
be implemented in order to make it acceptable. PPG 24, Planning and
Noise, provides further advice aimed at ensuring, wherever practicable,
noise-sensitive developments are separated from major sources of noise
and that new development involving noisy activities should, if possible,
be sited away from noise-sensitive land uses. It goes on to give advice
on noise levels and mitigating measures. |
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PC1 |
CONTROL OF POTENTIALLY
POLLUTING USES |
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Development that may cause
pollution of water, air or soil or pollution through noise, smell,
smoke, fumes, gases, steam, dust, vibration, light, heat, electromagnetic
radiation or other polluting emissions will only be permitted if:
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(i) |
the health, safety and amenity of users
of the site, or nearby occupiers and residents are not put at significant
risk; |
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(ii) |
the quality and enjoyment of the environment
would not be damaged or put at risk; and |
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(iii) |
national air quality objectives would
not be breached. |
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| 96. |
Some developments which it could be important
for the Borough to accommodate for reasons of economic and wider social
need, have the potential for causing some form of pollution. This
would include all industrial uses which, although necessary, may be
detrimental to amenity, including potentially hazardous installations
and waste facilities. |
| 97. |
Depending on the form of pollution likely
and the location of the development, it may be possible that the level
of pollution is considered acceptable or that measures can be proposed
to make it so. However, such uses generically carry risks of pollution
or other hazard. Only in wholly exceptional cases where this practical
risk is nil will expansion or new development of such uses be permitted
near to sensitive uses such as housing. In all other cases, the problem
of incompatible uses can often be resolved by the introduction of
buffer zones. These have the advantage of reducing the need for other
more stringent mitigation measures, which can be very expensive. They
may also reduce the potential for complaints from adjoining occupiers.
The need for, and extent of buffer zones, will be determined upon
the merits of the case. |
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PC2 |
CONTROL OF DEVELOPMENT
IN THE VICINITY OF POLLUTING OR POTENTIALLY POLLUTING DEVELOPMENT |
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Planning permission will
not be granted for residential or other sensitive development in close
proximity to sites which are potentially considered to be unneighbourly,
in terms of the levels of pollution emitted, unless it can be demonstrated
that mitigating measures can be put in place which overcome the problems
caused by unneighbourly uses, either on the site to be developed or
on the site where the unneighbourly use exists. |
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| 98. |
In order to protect new occupants and
to prevent unreasonable constraints being imposed on the operators
of existing unneighbourly uses, careful consideration needs to be
given to the spatial separation requirements and other measures needed
to overcome the problems associated with mutually incompatible uses.
The types of pollution associated with unneighbourly uses are set
out in Policy PC1. |
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PC3 |
PROTECTION OF WATER
QUALITY |
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Development affecting the
water environment and associated lands will only be permitted where:
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(i) |
the provision of water is not detrimental
to existing abstractions, river flows, fisheries, amenity or nature
conservation; and |
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(ii) |
it would not lead to an unacceptable
deterioration in the quality or potential yield of coastal, surface
and ground water resources. |
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| 99. |
There are no known major constraints on
new development imposed by inadequate water supply, sewage disposal
or drainage facilities. However, development still has the potential
to affect the water environment locally and this will need to be assessed
in order to prevent irreparable damage to this resource. This is particularly
relevant in the Havant/Bedhampton Springs area. The intention is to
promote development in locations where the risk to surface and ground
water would be minimal. Where development has the potential to affect
a watercourse the Environment Agency will be consulted. |
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PC4 |
LIGHT POLLUTION |
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Development, including environmental
improvements, where external lighting is required will be permitted
where: |
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(i) |
the lighting is of the minimum level
of illumination and duration required for security and operational
purposes; |
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(ii) |
the increased activity facilitated
by the illumination will not be detrimental to residential amenity;
and |
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(iii) |
the lighting would not interfere with
safe navigation in either Chichester or Langstone Harbours. |
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Where potential spillage
(including upwards) and glare is significant, particularly to residential
areas, roads, areas of nature conservation importance and areas whose
open and remote landscape qualities would be affected, provision for
full horizontal cut-off and other forms of containment of the illumination
will be required. |
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| 100. |
Light pollution can affect rural, coastal
and urban areas, affecting ecology and wildlife, obscuring vision
of the stars, introducing a suburban feel into rural areas thus affecting
local character and cause stress and anxiety for those adversely affected.
The pollution can take several forms: |
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Sky glow - the glow seen above urban areas
caused by stray artificial light being scattered by dust particles
and water droplets in the sky. |
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Glare - the uncomfortable brightness of
a light source when viewed against a darker background. |
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Light trespass - light spilling beyond
an area intended to be lit. |
| 101. |
There is therefore a need to minimise
the adverse impacts of illumination by avoiding unnecessary lighting,
ensuring the level of lighting in new developments (including roads)
is the minimum for public safety (including coastal navigation), and
respects local character. In some cases, full horizontal cut-off (the
prevention of light spillage into adjoining areas) and other forms
of containment of the light source may be required to prevent spillage
and glare. |
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